Pali Primer Exercise 1
Translate into English:
1. Bhūpālo bhuñjati.
king / eats
The king eats.
2. Puttā sayanti.
sons / sleep
Sons sleep.
3. Vāṇijā sayanti.
merchants / sleep
Merchants sleep.
4. Buddho passati.
Buddha / sees
The Buddha sees.
5. Kumāro dhāvati.
boy / runs
The boy runs.
6. Mātulo kasati.
uncle / ploughs
The uncle ploughs.
7. Brāhmaṇā bhāsanti.
brahmins / speak
Brahmins speak.
8. Mittā gacchanti.
friends / go
Friends go.
9. Kassakā pacanti.
farmers / cook
Farmers cook.
10. Manusso chindati.
man / cuts
The man cuts.
11. Purisā dhāvanti.
men / run
Men run.
12. Sahāyako bhuñjati.
friend / eats
The friend eats.
13. Tathāgato bhāsati.
Buddha / speaks
The Buddha speaks.
14. Naro pacati.
man / cooks
The man cooks.
15. Sahāyā kasanti.
friends / plough
Friends plough.
16. Sugato āgacchati.
Buddha / comes
The Buddha comes.
Translate into Pali:
1. Sons run.
puttā / dhāvanti
Puttā dhāvanti.
2. The uncle sees.
mātulo / passati
Mātulo passati.
3. The Buddha comes.
Buddho / āgacchati
Buddho āgacchati.
4. Boys eat.
kumārā / bhuñjanti
Kumārā bhuñjanti.
5. Merchants go.
vāṇijā / gacchanti
Vāṇijā gacchanti.
6. The man sleeps.
manusso / sayati
Manusso sayati.
7. Kings go.
bhūpālā / gacchanti
Bhūpālā gacchanti.
8. The brahmin cuts.
brāhmaṇo / chindati
Brāhmaṇo chindati.
9. Friends speak.
mittā / bhāsanti
Mittā bhāsanti.
10. The farmer ploughs.
kassako / kasati
Kassako kasati.
11. The merchant comes.
vāṇijo / āgacchati
Vāṇijo āgacchati.
12. Sons cut.
puttā / chindanti
Puttā chindanti.
13. Uncles speak.
mātulā / bhāsanti
Mātulā bhāsanti.
14. The boy runs.
kumāro / dhāvati
Kumāro dhāvati.
15. The friend speaks.
sahāyo / bhāsati
- Sahāyo bhāsati.
- Mitto bhāsati.
16. The Buddha sees.
Buddho / passati
Buddho passati.
Notes:
1. bhūpāla: king, lit. protector of the earth - a word rarely used in
the texts. Other words for king include rāja (Narada Lesson 17, Warder
p.153) and bhūpati (Lesson 25).
2. Here is a list of words related to bhāsati: bhāsati - to speak;
1. akkosati - to scold, swear at, abuse, revile;
2. ajjhesati - to request, ask, bid;
3. atidisati - to give further explanation, to explain in detail;
4. adhibhāsati - to address, to speak to;
5. anukassati - to draw after, to repeat, recite, quote;
6. anudisati - to point out, direct, bid, address;
7. anubhāsati - to speak after, to repeat;
8. anusāsati - to advise, admonish, instruct in or give advice upon;
9. anuhasati - to laugh at, to ridicule;
10. anvādisati - to advise, dedicate, assign;
11. apadisati - to call to witness, to refer to, to quote;
12. abhisaṃsati - to execrate, revile, lay a curse on;
13. abhisiṃsati - to utter a solemn wish;
14. avahasati - to laugh at, deride, mock;
15. ādisati - to announce, tell, point out, refer to; to dedicate;
16. ukkaṃsati - to exalt, praise;
17. ukkāsati - to "ahem"!, to cough, to clear one's throat;
18. uddisati - to propose, point out, appoint, allot;
19. upakkosati - to scold, reprove, blame;
20. upadisati - to point out, show, advise, specify;
21. ūhasati - to laugh at, deride, mock;
22. obhāsati - to speak to, to rail at, offend, abuse;
23. ghasati - to eat;
24. ñasati - to bite (of snakes, scorpions);
25. namassati - to pay honour to, to venerate, honour, do homage to;
26. pakkosati - to call, summon;
27. paccakkosati - to curse in return;
28. paccanubhāsati - to speak out or mention correspondingly, to
enumerate;
29. paccābhāsati - to retort, recite, explain, relate;
30. paccāsati - to ask, beg, pray;
31. paccāsiṃsati - to expect, wait for, desire, hope for, ask;
32. paṭikkosati - to blame, reject, revile, scorn;
33. paṭipasaṃsati - to praise back or in return;
34. paṭibhāsati - to address in return or in reply;
35. paṭirosati - to annoy in return, to tease back;
36. pabhāsati - to tell, declare, talk;
37. paribhāsati - to abuse, scold, revile, censure, deiame;
38. parihasati - to laugh at, mock, deride;
39. pasaṃsati - to speak out, praise, commend, agree;
40. pasasati - to teach, instruct;
41. pahasati - to laugh, giggle;
42. pahassati - to laugh, be joyful or cheerful;
43. bhasati - to bark;
44. saṃsati - to proclaim, point out;
45. saṃhasati - to laugh with;
46. samaubhāsati - to converse or study together;
47. samādisati - to indicate, to command;
48. samukkaṃsati - to extol, to praise;
49. siṃsati - to neigh;
50. hasati & hassati - to laugh, to be merry; to neigh (of horses);
51. hesati - to neigh.
3. According to PED, the three words sahāya/sahāyaka/mitta all mean
'friend'. sahāya/sahāyaka in some passages may also mean companion or
ally.
Pali Primer Exercise 2
Translate into English:
1. Tathāgato dhammaṃ bhāsati.
Buddha / truth / speaks
The Buddha speaks the truth.
2. Brāhmaṇā odanaṃ bhuñjanti.
brahmins / rice / eat
Brahmins eat rice.
3. Manusso suriyaṃ passati.
man / sun / sees
The man sees the sun.
4. Kumārā sigāle paharanti.
boys / jackals / hit
Boys hit the jackals.
5. Yācakā bhattaṃ yācanti.
beggars / rice / beg
- Beggars beg [for] rice.
- Beggars ask for rice.
6. Kassakā āvāṭe khaṇanti.
farmers / pits / dig
Farmers dig pits.
7. Mitto gāmaṃ āgacchati.
friend / [to] village / comes
The friend comes to the village.
8. Bhūpālo manusse rakkhati.
king / people / protects
The king protects the people.
9. Puttā pabbataṃ gacchanti.
sons / [to] mountain / go
Sons go to the mountain.
10. Kumāro Buddhaṃ vandati.
boy / Buddha / worships
- The boy worships the Buddha.
- The boy pays respect to the Buddha.
11. Vāṇijā patte āharanti.
merchants / bowls / bring
Merchants bring bowls.
12. Puriso vihāraṃ gacchati.
man / [to] monastery / goes
The man goes to the monastery.
13. Kukkurā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
dogs / [to] mountain / run
Dogs run to the mountain.
14. Sigālā gāmaṃ āgacchanti.
jackals / [to] village / come
Jackals come to the village.
15. Brāhmaṇā sahāyake āharanti.
brahmins / friends / bring
Brahmins bring friends.
16. Bhūpālā Sugataṃ vandanti.
kings / Buddha / worship
Kings worship the Buddha.
17. Yācakā sayanti.
beggars / sleep
Beggars sleep.
18. Mittā sunakhe haranti.
friends / dogs / take away
Friends take the dogs away.
19. Putto candaṃ passati.
son / moon / sees
The son sees the moon.
20. Kassako gāmaṃ dhāvati.
farmer / [to] village / runs
The farmer runs to the village.
21. Vāṇijā rukkhe chindanti.
merchants / trees / cut
Merchants cut trees.
22. Naro sigālaṃ vijjhati.
man / jackal / shoots
The man shoots the jackal.
23. Kumāro odanaṃ bhuñjati.
boy / rice / eats
The boy eats rice.
24. Yācako soṇaṃ paharati.
beggar / dog / hits
The beggar hits the dog.
25. Sahāyakā pabbate āruhanti.
friends / mountains / climb
Friends climb mountains.
Translate into Pali:
1. Men go to the monastery.
narā / gacchanti / vihāraṃ
Narā vihāraṃ gacchanti.
2. Farmers climb mountains.
kassakā / āruhanti / pabbate
Kassakā pabbate āruhanti.
3. The brahmin eats rice.
brāhmaṇo / bhuñjati / odanaṃ
Brāhmaṇo odanaṃ bhuñjati.
4. The Buddha sees the boys.
Buddho / kumāre / passati
Buddho kumāre passati.
5. Uncles take away bowls.
mātulā / haranti / patte
Mātulā patte haranti.
6. The son protects the dog.
putto / rakkhati / kukkuraṃ
Putto kukkuraṃ rakkhati.
7. The king worships the Buddha.
bhūpālo / vandati / Buddhaṃ
Bhūpālo Buddhaṃ vandati.
8. The merchant brings a boy.
vāṇijo / āharati / kumāraṃ
Vāṇijo kumāraṃ āharati.
9. Friends salute the brahmin.
mittā / vandanti / brāhmaṇaṃ
Mittā brāhmaṇaṃ vandanti.
10. Beggars beg rice.
yācakā / yācanti / odanaṃ
Yācakā odanaṃ yācanti.
11. Merchants shoot jackals.
vāṇijā / vijjhanti / sigāle
Vāṇijā sigāle vijjhanti.
12. Boys climb the mountain.
kumārā / āruhanti / pabbataṃ
Kumārā pabbataṃ āruhanti.
13. The farmer runs to the village.
kassako / dhāvati / gāmaṃ
Kassako gāmaṃ dhāvati.
14. The merchant cooks rice.
vāṇijo / pacati / bhattaṃ
Vāṇijo bhattaṃ pacati.
15. Sons worship the uncle.
puttā / vandanti / mātulaṃ
Puttā mātulaṃ vandanti.
16. Kings protect men.
bhūpālā / rakkhanti / nare
Bhūpālā nare rakkhanti.
17. The Buddha comes to the monastery.
Buddho / āgacchati / vihāraṃ
Buddho vihāraṃ āgacchati.
18. The men descend.
narā / oruhanti
Narā oruhanti.
19. Farmers dig pits.
kassakā / khaṇanti / āvāṭe
Kassakā āvāṭe khaṇanti.
20. The merchant runs.
vāṇijo / dhāvati
Vāṇijo dhāvati.
21. The dog sees the moon.
kukkuro / passati / candaṃ
Kukkuro candaṃ passati.
22. Boys climb trees.
kumārā / āruhanti / rukkhe
Kumārā rukkhe āruhanti.
23. The brahmin brings the bowl.
brāhmaṇo / āharati / pattaṃ
Brāhmaṇo pattaṃ āharati.
24. The beggar sleeps.
yācako / sayati
Yācako sayati.
25. The king sees the Buddha.
bhūpālo / passati / Buddhaṃ
Bhūpālo Buddhaṃ passati.
Pali Primer Exercise 3
Translate into English:
1. Buddho sāvakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gacchati.
Buddha / [with] disciples / with
/ [to] monastery / goes
The Buddha goes to the monastery with [his] disciples.
2. Puriso puttena saha dīpaṃ dhāvati.
man / [with] son / with / [to]
island / runs
The man runs to the island with [his] son.
3. Kassako sarena sigālaṃ vijjhati.
farmer / [with] arrow / jackal /
shoots
The farmer shoots the jackal with (an) arrow.
4. Brāhmaṇā mātulena saha pabbataṃ āruhanti.
brahmins / [with] uncle / with /
mountain / climb
Brahmins climb the mountain with uncle.
5. Puttā pādehi kukkure paharanti.
sons / [with] feet / dogs / hit
- Sons hit the dogs with feet.
- Sons kick the dogs.
6. Mātulo puttehi saddhiṃ rathena gāmaṃ āgacchati.
uncle / [with] sons / with / by
chariot / [to] village / comes
The uncle comes to the village with [his] sons by a chariot.
7. Kumārā hatthehi patte āharanti.
boys / [by the means of] hands /
bowls / bring
Boys bring the bowls by hands.
8. Coro maggena assaṃ harati.
thief / [by the means of] road /
horse / takes away
The thief takes away the horse along the road.
9. Kassako āvāṭaṃ oruhati.
farmer / [to] pit / descends
- The farmer descends to the pit.
- The farmer gets down to the pit.
10. Bhūpālā paṇḍitehi saha samaṇe passanti.
kings / [with] wise men / with /
monks / see
Kings, [together] with the wise men, see the monks.
11. Paṇḍito bhūpālena saha Tathāgataṃ vandati.
wise man / [with] king / with /
Buddha / worships
The wise man, [together] with the king, worships the Buddha.
12. Puttā sahāyena saddhiṃ odanaṃ bhuñjanti.
sons / [with] friend / with /
rice / eat
Sons eat rice with [a] friend.
13. Vāṇijo pāsāṇena migaṃ paharati.
merchant / [with] stone / deer /
hits
The merchant hits [a] deer with [a] stone.
14. Sunakhā pādehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.
dogs / [with] feet / pits / dig
Dogs dig pits with [their] feet.
15. Brāhmaṇo puttena saha suriyaṃ vandati.
brahmin / [with] son / with / sun
/ worships
The brahmin, [together] with [his] son, worships the sun.
16. Kassako soṇehi saddhiṃ rukkhe rakkhati.
farmer / [with] dogs / with /
trees / protects
The farmer protects trees with dogs.
17. Sugato sāvakehi saha vihāraṃ āgacchati.
Buddha / [with] disciples / with
/ [to] monastery / comes
Buddha comes to the monastery with [his] disciples.
18. Yācako pattena bhattaṃ āharati.
beggar / [by the means of] bowl /
rice / brings
The beggar brings rice in [a] bowl.
19. Paṇḍitā saggaṃ gacchanti.
wise men / heaven / go
Wise men go to heaven.
20. Kumārā assehi saddhiṃ gāmaṃ dhāvanti.
boys / [with] horses / with /
[to] village / run
Boys run to the village with horses.
21. Coro khaggena naraṃ paharati.
thief / [by the means of] sword /
man / hits
The thief hits the man with [a] sword.
22. Vāṇijo sakaṭena dīpe āharati.
merchant / [by the means of] cart
/ lamps / brings
The merchant brings lamps by [a] cart.
23. Assā maggena dhāvanti.
horses / [by the means of] path /
run
- Horses run through the path/road.
- Horses run along the path/road.
24. Sigālā migehi saddhiṃ pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
jackals / [with] deer / with /
[to] mountain / run
Jackals run to the mountain with deer.
25. Bhūpālo paṇḍitena saha manusse rakkhati.
king / [with] wise man / with /
people / protects
The king, [together] with [a] wise man, protects the people.
Translate into Pali:
1. The recluse sees the Buddha with his friend.
samaṇo / passati / Buddhaṃ /
mittena saha
Samaṇo mittena saha Buddhaṃ passati.
2. Disciples go to the monastery with the Buddha.
sāvakā / gacchanti / viharaṃ /
Buddhena saha
Sāvakā Buddhena saha viharaṃ gacchanti.
3. The horse runs to the mountain with the dogs.
asso / dhāvati / pabbataṃ /
kukkurehi saddhiṃ
Asso kukkurehi saddhiṃ pabbataṃ dhāvati.
4. The boy hits the lamp with a stone.
kumāro / paharati / dīpaṃ /
pāsāṇena
Kumāro pāsāṇena dīpaṃ paharati.
5. Merchants shoot deer with arrows.
vāṇijā / vijjhanti / mige /
sarehi
Vāṇijā sarehi mige vijjhanti.
6. Farmers dig pits with their hands.
kassakā / khaṇanti / āvāṭe /
hatthehi
Kassakā hatthehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.
7. Boys go to the monastery by chariot with their uncle.
kumārā / gacchanti / vihāraṃ /
rathena / mātulena saha
Kumārā mātulena saha rathena vihāraṃ gacchanti.
8. The brahmin cooks rice with his friend.
brāhmaṇo / pacati / bhattaṃ /
mittena saha
Brāhmaṇo mittena saha bhattaṃ pacati.
9. The king protects the island with wise men.
bhūpālo / rakkhati / dīpaṃ /
paṇḍitehi saha
Bhūpālo paṇḍitehi saha dīpaṃ rakkhati.
10. Kings worship monks with their sons.
bhūpālā / vandanti / samaṇe /
puttehi saha
Bhūpālā puttehi saha samaṇe vandanti.
11. Thieves bring horses to the island.
corā / āharanti / asse / dīpaṃ
Corā asse dīpaṃ āharanti.
12. Disciples climb mountains with men.
sāvakā / āruhanti / pabbate /
narehi saha
Sāvakā narehi saha pabbate āruhanti.
13. Merchants cut trees with farmers.
vāṇijā / chindanti / rukkhe /
kassakehi saha
Vāṇijā kassakehi saha rukkhe chindanti.
14. The beggar digs a pit with a friend.
yācako / khaṇati / āvāṭaṃ /
mittena saha
Yācako mittena saha āvāṭaṃ khaṇati.
15. The brahmin sees the moon with his uncles.
brāhmaṇo / passati / candaṃ /
mātulehi saha
Brāhmaṇo mātulehi saha candaṃ passati.
16. The thief hits the horse with a sword.
coro / paharati / assaṃ /
khaggena
Coro khaggena assaṃ paharati.
17. The son brings rice in a bowl.
putto / āharati / odanaṃ /
pattena
Putto pattena odanaṃ āharati.
18. Boys run to the mountain with their dogs.
kumārā / dhāvanti / pabbataṃ /
kukkurehi saddhiṃ
Kumārā kukkurehi saddhiṃ pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
19. Merchants come to the village by carts with farmers.
vāṇijā / āgacchanti / gāmaṃ /
sakaṭehi / kassakehi saha
Vāṇijā kassakehi saha sakaṭehi gāmaṃ āgacchanti.
20. Uncles come to the monastery by chariots with their sons.
mātulā / āgacchanti / vihāraṃ /
rathehi / puttehi saha
Mātulā puttehi saha rathehi vihāraṃ āgacchanti.
21. Jackals run to the mountain along the road.
sigālā / dhāvanti / pabbataṃ /
maggena
Sigālā maggena pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
22. Dogs dig pits with their feet.
kukkurā / khaṇanti / āvāṭe /
pādehi
Kukkurā pādehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.
23. The man carries a saw in his hand.
naro / harati / kakacaṃ /
hatthena
Naro hatthena kakacaṃ harati.
24. Recluses go to heaven.
samaṇā / gacchanti / saggaṃ
Samaṇā saggaṃ gacchanti.
25. The Buddha comes to the village with his disciples.
Buddho / āgacchati / gāmaṃ /
sāvakehi saddhiṃ
Buddho sāvakehi saddhiṃ gāmaṃ āgacchati.
Notes:
1. The words 'saha' and 'saddhiṃ' are indeclinables. They are used only
to express the meaning of accompaniment. One exception is when "talking"
or "discussing" with a person, there is no need for 'saha' and 'saddhiṃ'.
[See Warder's Lesson 8 for more details.]
Pali Primer Exercise 4
Translate into English:
1. Corā gāmamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
thieves / [from] village / [to]
mountain / run
Thieves run from the village to the mountain.
2. Dārako mātulasmā odanaṃ yācati.
child / [from] uncle / rice /
begs
The child begs [for] rice from the uncle.
3. Kumāro sopānamhā patati.
boy / [from] stairway / falls
The boy falls from the stairway/steps.
4. Mātulā sāṭake dhovanti.
uncles / garments / wash
Uncles wash garments.
5. Dhīvarā piṭakehi macche āharanti.
fishermen / [in] baskets / fish /
bring
Fishermen bring fish in baskets.
6. Upāsakā samaṇehi saddhiṃ vihārasmā nikkhamanti.
lay devotees / [with] monks /
with / [from] monastery / set out
- Lay devotees set out from the monastery with monks.
- Lay devotess leave the monastery with monks.
7. Brāhmaṇo kakacena rukkhaṃ chindati.
brahmin / [with] saw / tree /
cuts
The brahmin cuts the tree with [a] saw.
8. Kumārā mittehi saha bhūpālaṃ passanti.
boys / [with] friends / with /
king / see
Boys, (together) with friends, see the king.
9. Vāṇijo assena saddhiṃ pabbatasmā oruhati.
merchant / [with] horse / with /
[from] mountain / descends
The merchant descends from the mountain with [his] horse.
10. Yācako kassakasmā soṇaṃ yācati.
beggar / [from] farmer / dog /
begs
- The beggar begs (for) the dog from the farmer.
- The beggar begs the farmer for the dog.
11. Sappā pabbatehi gāmaṃ otaranti.
serpents / [from] mountains /
[to] village / descend
Serpents descend to the village from the mountains.
12. Amaccā sarehi mige vijjhanti.
ministers / [with] arrows / deer
/ shoot
The ministers shoot deer using arrows.
13. Coro gāmamhā sakaṭena sāṭake harati.
thief / [from] village / [in]
cart / garments / takes away
The thief takes away the garments from the village in [a] cart.
14. Bhūpālo amaccehi saddhiṃ rathena pāsādaṃ āgacchati.
king / [with] ministers / with /
[by] chariot / [to] palace / comes
The king comes to the palace with [his] ministers by a chariot.
15. Sūkarā pādehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.
pigs / [with] feet / pits / dig
Pigs dig pits with [their] feet.
16. Kumāro sahāyakehi saha sāṭake dhovati.
boy / [with] friends / with /
garments / washes
The boy washes the garments with friends.
17. Samaṇā gāmamhā upāsakehi saddhiṃ nikkhamanti.
monks / [from] village / [with]
lay devotees / with / leave
Monks leave the village with lay devotees.
18. Kukkuro piṭakamhā macchaṃ khādati.
dog / [from] basket / fish / eat
The dog eats a fish from the basket.
19. Mitto puttamhā sunakhaṃ yācati.
friend / [from] son / dog / begs
- The friend begs the son for the dog.
- The friend asks for the dog from the son.
20. Buddho sāvake pucchati
Buddha / disciples / questions
The Buddha questions [his] disciples.
21. Amaccā paṇḍitehi pañhe pucchanti.
ministers / [from] wise men /
questions / ask
- The ministers ask the wise men questions.
- The ministers ask questions from the wise men.
22. Rajako sahāyena saha sāṭakaṃ dhovati.
washerman / [with] friend / with
/ garment / washes
The washerman washes the garment with [a] friend.
23. Macchā piṭakamhā patanti.
fish / [from] basket / fall
Fish fall from the basket.
24. Corā pāsāṇehi varāhe paharanti.
thieves / [with] stones / pigs /
hit
The thieves hit the pigs with stones.
25. Amacco pāsādamhā suvaṃ āharati
minister / [from] palace / parrot
/ brings
The minister brings the parrot from the palace.
Translate into Pali:
1. Horses run from the village to the mountain.
assā / dhāvanti / gāmamhā /
pabbataṃ
Assā gāmamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
2. Merchants come from the island to the monastery with lay devotees.
vāṇijā / āgacchanti / dīpasmā /
vihāraṃ / upāsakehi saha
Vāṇijā upāsakehi saha dīpasmā vihāraṃ āgacchanti.
3. Thieves shoot pigs with arrows.
corā / vijjhanti / sūkare /
sarehi
Corā sarehi sūkare vijjhanti.
4. The lay devotee questions (about) the dhamma from the recluse.
upāsako / pucchati / dhammaṃ /
samaṇamhā
Upāsako samaṇamhā dhammaṃ pucchati.
5. The child falls from the rock with a friend.
dārako / patati / pāsāṇasmā /
mittena saha
Dārako mittena saha pāsāṇasmā patati.
6. The dog bites the child.
kukkuro / ḍasati / dārakaṃ
Kukkuro dārakaṃ ḍasati.
7. Ministers set out from the palace with the king.
amaccā / nikkhamanti / pāsādamhā
/ bhūpālena saha
Amaccā bhūpālena saha pāsādamhā nikkhamanti.
8. The man brings a deer from the island.
naro / āharati / migaṃ / dīpasmā
Naro dīpasmā migaṃ āharati.
9. The farmer gets down from the tree.
kassako / oruhati / rukkhamhā
Kassako rukkhamhā oruhati.
10. Dogs run along the road with horses.
kukkurā / dhāvanti / maggena /
assehi saddhiṃ
Kukkurā assehi saddhiṃ maggena dhāvanti.
11. Boys take away lamps from merchants.
kumārā / haranti / dīpe /
vāṇijehi
Kumārā vāṇijehi dīpe haranti.
12. The thief gets down from the stairway.
coro / oruhati / sopānasmā
Coro sopānasmā oruhati.
13. Merchants bring parrots from mountains.
vāṇijā / āharanti / suve /
pabbatehi
Vāṇijā pabbatehi suve āharanti.
14. The horse hits the serpent with its foot.
asso / paharati / sappaṃ / pādena
Asso pādena sappaṃ paharati.
15. The uncle, with his friends, sees recluses from the mountains.
mātulo / mittehi saha / passati /
samaṇe / pabbatehi
Mātulo mittehi saha pabbatehi samaṇe passati.
16. Merchants bring horses to the palace from the island.
vāṇijā / āharanti / asse /
pāsādaṃ / dīpamhā
Vāṇijā dīpamhā asse pāsādaṃ āharanti.
17. The minister questions the thief.
amacco / pucchati / coraṃ
Amacco coraṃ pucchati.
18. The farmer eats rice with the washerman.
kassako / bhuñjati / odanaṃ /
rajakena saha
Kassako rajakena saha odanaṃ bhuñjati.
19. The child falls from the stairway.
dārako / patati / sopānamhā
Dārako sopānamhā patati.
20. The fisherman climbs the mountain with his uncle.
dhīvaro / āruhati / pabbataṃ /
mātulena saha
Dhīvaro mātulena saha pabbataṃ āruhati.
21. The beggar, together with his dog, sleeps.
yācako / kukkurena saddhiṃ /
sayati
Yācako kukkurena saddhiṃ sayati.
22. Kings protect islands with their ministers.
bhūpālā / rakkhanti / dīpe /
amaccehi saha
Bhūpālā amaccehi saha dīpe rakkhanti.
23. The king worships the Buddha from his palace.
bhūpālo / vandati / Buddhaṃ /
pāsādasmā
Bhūpālo pāsādasmā Buddhaṃ vandati.
24. The man kills a serpent with a sword.
naro / hanati / sappaṃ / khaggena
Naro khaggena sappaṃ hanati.
25. Fishermen bring fish to the village in carts.
dhīvarā / āharanti / macche /
gāmaṃ / sakaṭehi
Dhīvarā sakaṭehi macche gāmaṃ āharanti.
26. Pigs run from the village to the mountain.
sūkarā / dhāvanti / gāmamhā /
pabbataṃ
Sūkarā gāmamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
27. Lay devotees ask questions from the wise man.
upāsakā / pucchanti / pañhe /
paṇḍitasmā
Upāsakā paṇḍitasmā pañhe pucchanti.
28. The son brings a parrot from the tree.
putto / āharati / sukaṃ /
rukkhamhā
Putto rukkhamhā sukaṃ āharati.
29. Wise men go to the monastery.
paṇḍitā / gacchanti / vihāraṃ
Paṇḍitā vihāraṃ gacchanti.
30. Disciples go along the road to the village.
sāvakā / gacchanti / maggena /
gāmaṃ
Sāvakā maggena gāmaṃ gacchanti.
Note:
1. The noun following "nikkhamati" takes the ablative form:
Eg: Ministers leave the palace.
amaccā / nikkhamanti / pāsādasmā
Amaccā pāsādasmā nikkhamanti.
2(a) pucchati: questions
The minister questions the thief.
Amacco coraṃ pucchati.
2(b) The minister questions the dhamma from the Buddha.
Amacco Buddhasmā dhammaṃ pucchati.
3. Do not confuse the following words:
..ṣakaṭa - cart, sāṭaka - garment;
..ḍhāvati - runs, dhovati - washes;
...khaṇati - digs, khādati - eats.
Pali Primer Exercise 5
Translate into English:
1. Vāṇijo rajakassa sāṭakaṃ dadāti.
merchant / to washerman / garment
/ gives
The merchant gives [a] garment to the washerman.
2. Vejjo ācariyassa dīpaṃ āharati.
doctor / for teacher / lamp /
brings
The doctor brings [a] lamp for the teacher.
3. Migā pāsāṇamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
deer / from rock / to mountain /
run
Deer run from the rock to the mountain.
4. Manussā Buddhehi dhammaṃ labhanti.
men / from Buddhas / doctrine /
get
Men get the doctrine from Buddhas.
5. Puriso vejjāya sakaṭaṃ ākaḍḍhati.
man / to doctor / cart / pulls
The man pulls the cart to the doctor.
6. Dārako hatthena yācakassa bhattaṃ āharati.
child / in hand / to beggar /
rice / brings
The child brings rice to the beggar in (his) hand.
7. Yācako ācariyāya āvāṭaṃ khaṇati.
beggar / for teacher / pit / digs
The beggar digs (a) pit for the teacher.
8. Rajako amaccānaṃ sāṭake dadāti.
washerman / to ministers /
garments / gives
The washerman gives garments to ministers.
9. Brāhmaṇo sāvakānaṃ mañce āharati.
brahmin / for disciples / beds /
brings
The brahmin brings beds for the disciples.
10. Vānaro rukkhamhā patati, kukkuro vānaraṃ ḍasati.
monkey / from tree / falls / dog
/ monkey / bites
The monkey falls from the tree, the dog bites the monkey.
11. Dhīvarā piṭakehi amaccānaṃ macche aharanti.
fishermen / in baskets / for
ministers / fish / bring
Fishermen bring fish in baskets for ministers.
12. Kassako vāṇijāya rukkhaṃ chindati.
farmer / for merchant / tree /
cuts
The farmer cuts (a) tree for the merchant.
13. Coro kuddālena ācariyāya āvāṭaṃ khaṇati.
thief / with hoe / for teacher /
pit / digs
The thief digs (a) pit with (a) hoe for the teacher.
14. Vejjo puttānaṃ bhattaṃ pacati.
doctor / for sons / rice / cooks
The doctor cooks rice for (his) sons.
15. Tāpaso luddakena saddhiṃ bhāsati.
hermit / with hunter / speaks
The hermit speaks with the hunter.
16. Luddako tāpasassa dīpaṃ dadāti.
hunter / to hermit / lamp / gives
The hunter gives the lamp to (a) hermit.
17. Sīhā mige hananti.
lions / deer / kill
Lions kill deer.
18. Hunters shoot deer with arrows for ministers.
luddakā / vijjhanti / mige /
sarehi / amaccānaṃ
Luddakā sarehi amaccānaṃ mige vijjhanti.
18. Makkaṭo puttena saha rukkhaṃ āruhati.
monkey / with son / tree / climbs
> The monkey climbs the tree with (its) son.
> The monkey climbs the tree with (its) young.
19. Samaṇā upāsakehi odanaṃ labhanti.
monks / from lay devotees / rice
/ receive
Monks receive rice from lay devotees.
20. Dārakā rodanti, kumāro hasati, mātulo kumāraṃ paharati.
children / cry / boy / laughs /
uncle / boy / hits
Children cry, the boy laughs, the uncle hits the boy.
21. Vānarā pabbatamhā oruhanti, rukkhe āruhanti.
monkeys / from mountain / descend
/ tree / climb
> Monkeys descend from the mountain, [and] climb trees.
> Monkeys get down from the mountain, [and] climb trees.
22. Corā rathaṃ pavisanti, amacco rathaṃ pajahati.
robbers / chariot / enter /
minister / chariot / abandons
Robbers enter the chariot, the minister abandons the chariot.
23. Ācariyo dārakāya rukkhamhā sukaṃ āharati.
teacher / for child / from tree /
parrot / brings
The teacher brings (a) parrot from (a) tree for the child.
24. Luddako pabbatasmā ajaṃ ākaḍḍhati.
hunter / from mountain / goat /
drags
The hunter drags the goat from the mountain.
25. Tāpaso pabbatamhā sīhaṃ passati.
hermit / from mountain / lion /
sees
The hermit sees (a) lion from the mountain.
26. Vāṇijā kassakehi lābhaṃ labhanti.
merchants / from farmers / profit
/ receive
Merchants receive profit from farmers.
27. Luddako vāṇijānaṃ varāhe hanati.
hunter / for merchants / pigs /
kills
The hunter kills pigs for the merchants.
28. Tāpaso ācariyamhā pañhe pucchati.
hermit / from teacher / questions
/ asks
The hermit asks questions from the teacher.
29. Putto mañcamhā patati.
son / from bed / falls
The son falls from the bed.
30. Kumārā sahāyakehi saddhiṃ nahāyanti.
boys / with friends / bathe
Boys bathe with friends.
Translate into Pali:
1. Merchants bring horses for ministers.
vāṇijā / āharanti / asse /
amaccānaṃ
Vāṇijā amaccānaṃ asse āharanti.
2. The hunter kills a goat for the merchant.
luddako / hanati / ajaṃ /
vāṇijāya
Luddako vāṇijāya ajaṃ hanati.
3. The man cuts trees with a saw for the farmer.
manusso / chindati / rukkhe /
kakacena / kassakassa
Manusso kakacena kassakassa rukkhe chindati.
4. Deer run away from the lion.
migā / dhāvanti / sīhasmā
Migā sīhasmā dhāvanti.
5. The king worships the Buddha along with lay devotees.
bhūpālo / vandati / Buddhaṃ /
upāsakehi
Bhūpālo upāsakehi saha Buddhaṃ vandati.
6. Thieves run from villages to the mountains.
corā / dhāvanti / gāmehi /
pabbate
Corā gāmehi pabbate dhāvanti.
7. The washerman washes garments for the king.
rajako / dhovati / sāṭake /
bhūpālāya
Rajako bhūpālāya sāṭake dhovati.
8. The fisherman brings fish in baskets for farmers.
dhīvaro / āharati / macche /
piṭakehi / kassakānaṃ
Dhīvaro piṭakehi kassakānaṃ macche āharati.
9. The teacher enters the monastery, sees the monks.
ācariyo / pavisati / vihāraṃ /
passati / samaṇe
Ācariyo vihāraṃ pavisati, samaṇe passati.
10. The serpent bites the monkey.
sappo / ḍasati / vānaraṃ
Sappo vānaraṃ ḍasati.
11. Boys drag the bed for the brahmin.
kumārā / ākaḍḍhanti / mañcaṃ /
brāhmaṇassa
Kumārā brāhmaṇassa mañcaṃ ākaḍḍhanti.
12. Thieves enter the palace together with men.
corā / pavisanti / pāsādaṃ /
purisehi saha
Corā purisehi saha pāsādaṃ pavisanti.
13. Farmers get fish from fishermen.
kassakā / labhanti / macche /
dhīvarehi
Kassakā dhīvarehi macche labhanti.
14. Pigs go from the island to the mountain.
varāhā / gacchanti / dīpamhā /
pabbataṃ
Varāhā dīpamhā pabbataṃ gacchanti.
15. The king abandons the palace, the son enters the monastery.
bhūpālo / pajahati / pāsādaṃ /
putto / pavisati / vihāraṃ
Bhūpālo pāsādaṃ pajahati, putto vihāraṃ pavisati.
16. The lion sleeps, the monkeys play.
sīho / sayati / vānarā / kīḷanti
Sīho sayati, vānarā kīḷanti.
17. The teacher protects his sons from the dog.
ācariyo / rakkhati / putte /
kukkurasmā
Ācariyo kukkurasmā putte rakkhati.
18. Hunters shoot deer with arrows for ministers.
luddakā / vijjhanti / mige /
sarehi / amaccānaṃ
Luddakā sarehi amaccānaṃ mige vijjhanti.
19. Children desire rice from the uncle.
dārakā / icchanti / odanaṃ /
mātulamhā
Dārakā mātulamhā odanaṃ icchanti.
20. The doctor gives a garment to the hermit.
vejjo / dadāti / sāṭakaṃ /
tāpasāya
Vejjo tāpasāya sāṭakaṃ dadāti.
21. The merchant brings a goat by cart for the teacher.
vāṇijo / āharati / ajaṃ /
sakaṭena / ācariyassa
Vāṇijo sakaṭena ācariyassa ajaṃ āharati.
22. Sons see the moon from the mountain.
puttā / passanti / candaṃ /
pabbatasmā
Puttā pabbatasmā candaṃ passanti.
23. Wise men get profit from the dhamma.
paṇḍitā / labhanti / lābhaṃ /
dhammamhā
Paṇḍitā dhammamhā lābhaṃ labhanti.
24. Monkeys leave the village.
vānarā / nikkhamanti / gāmasmā
Vānarā gāmasmā *nikkhamanti.
* See notes in Lesson 4.
25. The son brings a parrot for his friend from the mountain.
putto / āharati / suvaṃ / mittāya
/ pabbatamhā
Putto pabbatamhā mittāya suvaṃ āharati.
26. The doctor enters the monastery.
vejjo / pavisati / vihāraṃ
Vejjo vihāraṃ pavisati.
27. The jackal runs from the village to the mountain along the road.
sigālo / dhāvati / gāmasmā /
pabbataṃ / maggena
Sigālo maggena gāmasmā pabbataṃ dhāvati.
28. The cart falls off the road, the child cries.
sakaṭo / patati / maggamhā /
dārako / rodati
Sakaṭo maggamhā patati, dārako rodati.
29. The ministers go up the stairway, the doctor comes down the
stairway.
amaccā / āruhanti / sopānaṃ /
vejjo / oruhati / sopānaṃ
Amaccā sopānaṃ āruhanti, vejjo sopānaṃ oruhati.
30. Wise men ask questions from the Buddha.
paṇḍitā / pucchanti / pañhe /
Buddhasmā
Paṇḍitā Buddhasmā pañhe pucchanti.