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nyāyapraveśakasūtram
sādhanaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ caiva sābhāsaṃ parasaṃvide|
pratyakṣamanumānaṃ ca sābhāsaṃ tvātmasaṃvide||-
-iti śāstrārthasaṃgrahaḥ||
tatra pakṣādivacanāni sādhanam| pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntavacanairhi prāśnikānāmapratīto'rthaḥ pratipādyata iti|| tatra pakṣaḥ prasiddho dharmī prasiddhaviśeṣeṇa viśiṣṭatayā svayaṃ sādhyatvenepsitaḥ| pratyakṣadyaviruddha iti vākyaśeṣaḥ| tadyathā| nityaḥ śabdo'nityo veti|| hetustrirūpaḥ| kiṃ punastrairūpam| pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ vipakṣe cāsattvamiti| kaḥ punaḥ sapakṣaḥ| ko vā vipakṣa iti|| sādhyadharmasāmānyena samano'rthaḥ sapakṣaḥ| tadyathā| anitye śabde sādhye ghaṭādiranityaḥ sapakṣaḥ|| vipakṣo yatra sādhyaṃ nāsti| yannityaṃ tadakṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśamiti| tatra kṛtakatvaṃ prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ vā sapakṣa evāsti vipakṣe nāstyeva| ityanityādau hetuḥ|| dṛṣṭānto dvividhaḥ| sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca|| tatra sādharmyeṇa tāvat| yatra hetoḥ sapakṣa evāstitvaṃ khyāpyate| tadyathā| yatkṛtakaṃ tadanityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭādiriti|| vaidharmyeṇāpi| yatra sādhyābhāve hetorabhāva eva kathyate| tadyathā| yannityaṃ tadakṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśamiti| nityaśabdenātrānityatvasyābhāva ucyate| akṛtakaśabdenāpi kṛtakatvasyābhāvaḥ| yathā bhāvābhāvo'bhāva iti|| uktāḥ pakṣādayaḥ||
eṣāṃ vacanāni parapratyāyanakāle sādhanam| tadyathā| anityaḥ śabda iti pakṣavacanam| kṛtakatvāditi pakṣadharmavacanam| yatkṛtakaṃ tadanityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭādiriti sapakṣānugamavacanam| yannityaṃ tadakṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśamiti vyatirekavacanam| etānyeva trayo'vayavā ityucyante|
sādhayitumiṣṭo'pi pratyakṣādiviruddhaḥ pakṣābhāsaḥ| tadyathā| pratyakṣaviruddhaḥ 1, anumānaviruddhaḥ 2, āgamaviruddhaḥ 3, lokaviruddhaḥ 4, svavacanaviruddhaḥ 5, aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇaḥ 6, aprasiddhaviśeṣyaḥ 7, aprasiddhobhayaḥ 8, prasiddhasaṃbandhaśceti 9|| tatra pratyakṣaviruddho yathā| aśrāvaṇaḥ śabda iti|| anumānaviruddho yathā| nityo ghaṭa iti|| āgamaviruddho yathā| vaiśeṣikasya nityaḥ śabda iti sādhayataḥ|| lokaviruddho yathā| śuci naraśiraḥkapālaṃ prāṇyaṅgatvācchaṅkhaśuktivaditi|| svavacanaviruddho yathā| mātā me vandhyeti| aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇo yathā bauddhasya sāṃkhyaṃ prati vināśī śabda iti|| aprasiddhaviśeṣyo yathā| sāṃkhyasya bauddhaṃ prati cetana ātmati|| aprasiddhobhayo yathā| vaiśeṣikasya bauddhaṃ prati sukhādisamavāyikāraṇamātmeti|| prasiddhasaṃbandho yathā| śrāvaṇaḥ śabda iti|| eṣāṃ vacanāni dharmasvarūpanirākaraṇamukhena pratipādanāsaṃbhavataḥ sādhanavaiphalyataśceti pratijñādoṣāḥ|| uktāḥ prakṣābhāsāḥ||
asiddhānaikāntikāviruddhā hetvābhāsāḥ|| tatrāsiddhaścatuḥprakāraḥ| tadyathā| ubhayāsiddhaḥ 1, anyatarāsiddhaḥ 2, saṃdigdhāsiddhaḥ 3, āśrayāsiddhaśceti 4|| tatra śabdānityatve sādhye cākṣuṣātvādityubhayāsiddhaḥ|| kṛtakatvāditi śabdābhivyaktivādinaṃ pratyanyatarāsiddhaḥ|| bāṣpādibhāvena saṃdihyamāno bhūtasaṃghāto'gnisiddhāvupadiśyamānaḥ saṃdigdhāsiddhaḥ| dravamākāśaṃ guṇāśrayatvādityākāśāsattvavādinaṃ pratyāśrayāsiddhaḥ|| anaikāntikaḥ ṣaṭprakāraḥ| sādhāraṇaḥ 1, asādhāraṇaḥ 2, sapakṣaikadeśavṛttirvipakṣavyāpī 3, vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī 4, ubhayapakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ 5, viruddhāvyabhicārī ceti 6|| tatra sādhāraṇaḥ śabdaḥ prameyatvānnitya iti| taddhi nityānityapakṣayoḥ sādhāraṇatvādanaikāntikam| kiṃ ghaṭavatprameyatvādanityaḥ śabda āhosvidākāśevatprameyatvānnitya iti|| asādhāraṇaḥ śrāvakaṇatvānnitya iti| taddhi nityānityapakṣābhyāṃ vyāvṛttatvānnityānityavinirmuktasya cānyasyāsaṃbhavātsaṃśayahetuḥ| kiṃbhūtasyāsya śrāvaṇatvamiti|| sapakṣaikadeśavṛttirvipakṣavyāpī yathā| aprayatnāntarīyakaḥ śabdo'nityatvāt| aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ| asya vidyudākāśādiḥ sapakṣaḥ| tatraikadeśe vidyudādau vidyate'nityatvaṃ nākāśādau| aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ| asya ghaṭādirvipakṣaḥ| tatra sarvatra ghaṭādau vidyate'nityatvam| tasmādetadapi vidyuddhaṭasādharmyeṇanaikāntikam| kiṃ ghaṭavadanityatvātprayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdaḥ āhosvidvidyudādivadanityatvādprayatnānantarīyaka iti|| vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī yathā| prayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdo'nityatvāt| prayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ| asya ghaṭādiḥ sapakṣaḥ| tatra sarvatra ghaṭādau vidyate'nityatvam| prayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ| asya vidyudākāśādirvipakṣaḥ| tatraikadeśe vidyudādau vidyate'nityatvaṃ nākāśādau| tasmādetadapi vidyuddhaṭasādharmyeṇa pūrvavadanaikāntikam|| ubhayapakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā| nityaḥ śabdo'mūrtatvāditi| nityaḥ pakṣaḥ| asyākāśaparamāṇvādiḥ sapakṣaḥ| tatraikadeśa ākāśādau vidyate'mūrtatvaṃ na paramāṇau| nityaḥ pakṣaḥ| asya ghaṭasukhādirvipakṣaḥ| tratraikadeśe sukhādau vidyate'mūrtatvaṃ na ghaṭādau| tasmādetadapi sukhākāśasādharmyeṇānaikāntikam|| viruddhāvyabhicārī yathā| anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavat| nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt śabdatvavaditi| ubhayoḥ saṃśayahetutvād dvāvapyetāveko'naikāntikaḥ samuditāveva|| viruddhaścatuḥprakāraḥ| tadyathā| dharmasvarūpaviparītasādhanaḥ 1, dharmaviśeṣaviparītasādhanaḥ 2, dharmisvarūpaviparītasādhanaḥ 3, dharmiviśeṣaviparītasādhanaśceti 4|| tatra dharmasvarūpaviparitisādhano yathā| nityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvāt prayatnānantarīyakatvāddheti| ayaṃ heturvipakṣa eva bhāvādviruddhaḥ|| dharmaviśeṣaviparītasādhano yathā| parārthāścakṣurādayaḥ saṃghātatvācchayanāsanādyaṅgaviśeṣavaditi| ayaṃ heturyathā pārārthyaṃ cakṣurādīnāṃ sādhayati tathā saṃhatatvamapi parasyātmanaḥ sādhayati| ubhayatrāvyabhicārāt|| dharmisvarūpaviparītasādhano yathā| na dravyaṃ na karma na guṇo bhāvaḥ ekadravyavattvāt guṇakarmasu ca bhāvāt sāmanyaviśeṣavaditi| ayaṃ hi heturyathā dravyādipratiṣedhaṃ bhāvasya sādhayati tathā bhāvasyābhāvatvamapi sādhayati| ubhayatrāvyabhicārāt|| dharmiviśeṣaviparītasādhano yathā| ayameva heturasminneva pūrvapakṣe'syaiva dharmiṇo yo viśeṣaḥ satpratyakartṛtvaṃ nāma tadviparītamasatpratyayakartṛtvamapi sādhayati| ubhayatrāvyabhicārāt|| dṛṣṭāntābhāso dvividhaḥ| sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca|| tatra sādharmyeṇa tāvad dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ pañcaprakāraḥ| tadyathā| sādhanadharmāsiddhaḥ 1, sādhyadharmāsiddhaḥ 2, ubhayadharmāsiddhaḥ 3, ananvayaḥ 4, viparītānvayaśceti 5|| tatra sādhanadharmāsiddho yathā| nityaḥ śabdo'mūrtatvāt paramāṇuvat| yadamūrta tannityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā paramāṇauḥ| paramāṇu hi sādhyaṃ nityatvamasti sādhanadharmo'mūrtatvaṃ nāsti mūrtatvātparamāṇūnāmiti|| sādhyadharmāsiddho yathā| nityaḥ śabdo'mūrtatvād buddhivat| yadamurtaṃ tannityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā buddhiḥ|| buddhau hi sādhanadharmo'mūrtatvamasti sādhyadharmo nityatvaṃ nāsti| anityatvād buddheriti|| ubhayāsiddho dvividhaḥ| sannasaṃśceti| tatra ghaṭavaditi vidyamānobhayāsiddhaḥ| anityatvānmūrtatvācca ghaṭasya| ākāśavadityavidyamānobhayāsiddhaḥ| tadasattvavādinaṃ prati|| ananvayo yatra vinānvayena sādhyasādhanayoḥ sahabhāvaḥ pradarśyate| yathā ghaṭe kṛtakatvamanityatvaṃ ca dṛṣṭamiti|| viparītānvayo yathā| yat kṛtakaṃ tadanityaṃ dṛṣṭamiti vaktavye yadanityaṃ tatkṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭamiti vravīti|| vaidharmyeṇāpi dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ pañcaprakāraḥ| tadyathā| sādhyāvyāvṛttaḥ 1, sādhanāvyāvṛttaḥ 2, ubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ 3, avyatirekaḥ 4, viparītavyatirekaśceti 5|| tatra sādhyāvyāvṛtto yathā| nityaḥ śabdo'mūrtatvāt paramāṇuvat| yadanityaṃ tanmurtaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā paramāṇuḥ| paramāṇorhi sādhānadharmo'mūrtatvaṃ vyāvṛttaṃ mūrtatvātparamāṇunāmiti| sādhyadharmo nityatvaṃ na vyāvṛttaṃ nityatvātparamāṇūnāmiti|| sādhānāvyāvṛtto yathā| karmavaditi| karmaṇaḥ sādhyaṃ nityatvaṃ vyāvṛttam| anityatvātkarmaṇāḥ| sādhanadharmo'mūrtatvaṃ na vyāvṛttam| amūrtatvātkarmaṇaḥ|| ubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ| ākāśavaditi| tatsattvavādinaṃ prati| tato nityatvamamūrtatvaṃ ca na vyāvṛttam| nityatvādamūrtatvāccākāśasyeti|| avyatireko yatra vinā sādhyasādhananivṛttyā taddhipakṣabhāvo nidarśyate| yathā ghaṭe mūrtatvamanityatvaṃ ca dṛṣṭamiti|| viparītavyatireko yathā| yadanityaṃ tanmūrtaṃ dṛṣṭamiti vaktavye yanmūrtaṃ tadanityaṃ dṛṣṭamiti bravīti||
eṣāṃ pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntābhāsānāṃ vacanāni sādhanābhāsam||
ātmapratyāyanārthaṃ tu pratyakṣamanumānaṃ ca dve eva pramāṇe|| tatra pratyakṣaṃ kalpanāpoḍhaṃ yajjñānamarthe rūpādau nāmajātyādikalpanārahitam| tadakṣamakṣaṃ prati vartata iti pratyakṣam|| anumānaṃ liṅgādarthadarśanam| liṅgaṃ punastrirūpamuktam| tasmādyadanumeye'rthe jñānamutpadyate'gniratra anityaḥ śabda iti vā tadanumānam|| ubhayatra tadeva jñānaṃ phalamadhigamarūpatvāt| savyāpāravatkhyāteḥ pramāṇatvamiti|| kalpanājñānamarthāntare pratyakṣābhāsam| yajjñānaṃ ghaṭaḥ paṭa iti vā vikalpayataḥ samutpadyate tadarthasvalakṣaṇaviṣayatvātpratyakṣābhāsam|| hetvābhāsapūrvakaṃ jñānamanumānābhāsam| hetvābhāso hi bahuprakāra uktaḥ| tasmādyadanumeye'rthe jñānamavyutpannasya bhavati tadanumānābhāsam||
sādhanadoṣodbhāvanāni dūṣaṇāni|| sādhanadoṣo nyūnatvam| pakṣadoṣaḥ pratyakṣādiviruddhatvam| hetudoṣo'siddhānaikāntikaviruddhatvam| dṛṣṭāntadoṣaḥ sādhanadharmādyasiddhatvam| tasyodbhāvanaṃ prāsnikapratyāyanaṃ dūṣaṇam|| abhūtasādhanadoṣobhdāvanāni dūṣaṇābhāsāni|| saṃpūrṇe sādhane nyūnatvavacanam| aduṣṭapakṣe pakṣadoṣavacanam| siddhahetuke'siddhahetukaṃ vacanam| ekāntahetuke'nekāntahetukaṃ vacanam| aviruddhahetuke viruddhahetukaṃ vacanam| aduṣṭadṛṣṭānte dṛṣṭadṛṣṭāntadoṣavacanam| etāni dūṣaṇābhāsāni| na hyebhiḥ parapakṣo dūṣyate| niravadyatvāttasya|| ityuparamyate||
padārthamātramākhyātamādau diṅmātrasiddhaye|
yātra yuktiyuktirvā sānyatra suvicāritā||
||iti nyāyapraveśakasūtraṃ samāptam||