Hiệp hội các Nhà sách Đức thông báo là Giải thưởng Hòa bình của Đức năm 2020 (Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels) sẽ trao cho Amartya Sen, 86 tuổi, nhà triết học Ấn Độ, Giáo sư Kinh tế Đại học Harvard và là người đoạt giải Nobel Kinh tế năm 1998. Giải thưởng cao quý này được thành lập từ năm 1950 tại Đức. Theo truyền thống, lễ trao giải diễn ra trong ngày cuối Hội chợ sách Frankfurt 18 tháng 10 tại Paulskirche, Frankfurt và sẽ được các đài Đức truyền hình trực tiếp. Trong dịp vinh danh này, Amartya Sen được trao tặng 25.000 euro.

Theo thông cáo báo chí của Hội đồng tuyển trạch, Amartya Sen được tôn vinh là người đóng góp xuất sắc trong việc thực hiện lý tưởng hòa bình thông qua các trước tác trong kinh tế học và triết học. Là một nhà lãnh đạo tư tưởng trong nhiều thập niên, Amartya Sen đã cổ suý việc giải quyết các vấn đề về công lý trong toàn cầu. Giá trị này bao giờ cũng mang tính thời sự và phù hợp để chống lại bất công xã hội trên thế giới, nhất là trong bối cảnh hỗn loạn hiện nay.

Khi kết hợp các luận điểm chính trong kinh tế học và đạo đức học, Amartya Sen phân tích về tác động của thị trường đối với con người. Suy tưởng này dẫn Amartya Sen tìm lại mối tương quan nền tảng thuộc về tự do cá nhân trong tinh thần trách nhiệm đối với thế giới. Cho dù hành động trong khuôn khổ, sự tự do lựa chọn giúp cho chúng ta có một cơ hội để quyết định những gì nên làm, nhưng cũng có trách nhiệm với những gì chúng ta muốn làm.

Sự thịnh vượng của cá nhân không chỉ được định nghĩa bằng các sung mãn vật chất theo các luận điểm của chủ thuyết kinh tế tân cổ điển, mà cần nhìn bao quát hơn. Hành động của con

người được thể hiện là một cá nhân tự do hoạt động trong môi trường xã hội năng động. Khả năng phát triển các kỹ năng cá nhân và thực thi công lý đối với đồng loại là một sự thịnh vượng chung về mặt tinh thần.

Dù hấp thụ những minh triết của phương Đông như Phật giáo, Amartya Sen lý luận kinh tế theo phong cách phương Tây khi đặt vấn đề hiệu năng trong các mô hình tăng trưởng.

Theo Amartya Sen, sẵn sàng thảo luận công khai các quan điểm dị biệt là đặc điểm chính trong Phật giáo để thực thi tinh thần dân chủ đoàn kết. Các dị biệt văn hoá không nhất thiết là nguồn gốc của mọi xung đột về bản sắc và tranh chấp trong xã hội. Nghèo đói và bệnh tật có liên quan đến việc các cấu trúc chung thiếu tự do. Amartya Sen xác nhận là nạn đói ít xảy ra ở các nước dân chủ hơn là độc tài. Tự do báo chí là yếu tố quan trọng cho sự phát triển dân chủ tại các nước chậm tiến. Amartya Sen phản đối chủ trương tập trung tối đa nguồn lực cho tăng trưởng thị trường kinh tế tự do. Vấn đề phát triển toàn diện xã hội và cá nhân là mục tiêu cao cả hơn.

Amartya Sen sinh năm 1933 tại Tây Bengal và học Kinh tế và Triết học ở Calcutta và Cambridge. Amartya Sen đã giảng dạy tại Trinity College ở Dublin và các đại học MIT, Berkeley, Stanford và Harvard.

Các tác phẩm quan trọng là Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press,1999; Rationality and Freedom, Belknapp Press,2004;The Argumentative Indian, Writings on Indian Culture, History and Identity, Penguin Allan Laune, 2005; The Idea of Justice, Penguin Books, 2010.


Hình trong bài: Amartya Sen đang nhận giải thưởng Nobel năm 1998 Photo: Anders Wiklund.

Bài liên quan

- Tìm Hiểu Về Khái Niệm Công Bình Của Amartya Sen Qua Tác Phẩm The Idea Of Justice

https://thuvienhoasen.org/a9646/tim-hieu-ve-khai-niem-cong-binh-cua-amartya-sen-qua-tac-pham-the-idea-of-justice-do-kim-them

- Mối Quan Hệ

Văn Hóa Giữa Trung Hoa Và Ấn Độ

https://thuvienhoasen.org/a9437/moi-quan-he-van-hoa-giua-trung-hoa-va-an-do



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